Part three · The supply side · Chapter 12

BORROWING AGAINST INVENTORY

The main ways brands finance stock, described neutrally, and one way to compare them all. Arrange it before you need it.

Sometimes a shorter cycle and customer funding aren’t enough: a seasonal build, a big retail order, a plan the tool in chapter 2 says your cash can’t fund. This chapter describes the main options without recommending any; the right one depends on your business, and an adviser who knows it should help you choose. None of this is financial advice.

The options

OptionHow it worksThe cost shows up asWatch for
Bank line of creditA limit you draw and repay as needed, often secured on the business’s assetsInterest on what you draw, sometimes a fee on what you don’tPersonal guarantees, covenants, annual renewal
Asset-based lineA line sized to a share of eligible inventory and receivables, recalculated regularlyInterest plus monitoring feesRegular reporting on stock and sales; the limit shrinks when stock does
Inventory or purchase order financingA funder pays the supplier for one order and is repaid as the goods sellA fee per order or per monthThe fee as an annual rate; rights over the goods
Revenue-based financing or merchant cash advanceA lump sum repaid as a share of daily sales, with a fixed feeThe fixed feeThe fee’s real annual rate, which rises the faster you repay
Supplier termsChapter 11Usually nothing, or a lost early-payment discountRelationship cost if you stretch without agreement
EquitySelling part of the companyOwnership, foreverThe most expensive money if the business succeeds

Shopify Capital is a common example of the sales-linked kind. Shopify describes it as offering “merchant cash advances and loans,” repaid with “a fixed percentage of your store’s daily sales, but only on days you make sales,” with “no compounding interest”; loans in the US are issued by WebBank Reported. Repayments fall when sales fall, which is a real convenience. The fee still has an annual rate.

One way to compare them all

Put every option into two numbers: the total dollars you’ll pay beyond what you borrow, and that cost as an annual rate, given how quickly you’ll repay. A fixed fee looks small until you annualize it.

Say you take $100,000 with a $10,000 fee, repaid in equal monthly amounts over six months. Your average balance is a little under $60,000, for half a year, so the $10,000 is roughly 34% a year. Repay the same fee over three months, because sales went well, and it’s about 59% Derived. That doesn’t make it wrong; money that funds a sold-out launch can be worth 59%. Know the number before you sign.

Every fee has an annual rate. Work it out before you sign, not after.

Borrow before you need it

Arrange a line of credit when your forecast says you won’t need it: terms are better and you have time to compare. A brand that arranges financing in the week it runs short takes whatever is offered. The 13-week forecast in the next chapter is also the first thing a good lender will ask to see.

Do this

This is one chapter of Cash Before Growth, which is free and readable in full on a single page with no form in front of it.